EnviroBox® MBBR Modular Treatment — Data Center Water Reuse Division

CLOSE THE WATER LOOP. Cooling Tower Blowdown → Reuse Quality · On-Site · Permit-Ready

Hyperscale and colocation data centers consume 3–5 million gallons of water per day per 100 MW of IT load. EnviroBox MBBR modular systems treat cooling tower blowdown, process wastewater, and grey streams to Title 22 / ASHRAE 188 reuse quality — on-site, in 8–16 weeks, at 30–50% lower CAPEX than civil construction.

Avg DC Water Intensity
1.80
L/kWh · industry WUE
EnviroBox WUE Target
0.50
L/kWh · post-reuse
Reuse Recovery Rate
≥85%
of blowdown treated
BOD Removal
>90%
mg/L · 3-stage MBBR
// Live System Monitor — Reference 100 MW Campus ONLINE
// Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE)
0.50
liters / kWh IT load
0.0 (ideal) 1.8 (industry avg)
Flow treated (daily) 380,000 GPD
Blowdown recovered 323,000 GPD
Potable water offset 117.8M gal/yr
DO setpoint (R-101) 2.4 mg/L
Conductivity (effluent) 480 µS/cm
Cycles of concentration 4.2×
Blowdown TDS influent 2,100 mg/L
Treatment status PERMIT COMPLIANT
// Daily Reuse Volume — 30-Day Trend (MGD)
Permit threshold
The Data Center Water Problem

Hyperscale Has a Water Crisis

AI training, cloud compute, and colocation facilities are among the fastest-growing industrial water consumers on the planet. Regulators, investors, and municipalities are forcing data center operators to account for every gallon.

5M
Gallons / Day / 100 MW
A typical 100 MW hyperscale campus with evaporative cooling consumes 3–5 million gallons of potable water per day — equivalent to a city of 25,000 people.
1.8L
Industry Average WUE (L/kWh)
The Uptime Institute reports the global average data center WUE of 1.8 L/kWh. Leading operators target <0.5 L/kWh. EnviroBox MBBR reuse systems make sub-0.5 achievable at any scale.
40%
Blowdown as % of Total Draw
Cooling tower blowdown — the concentrated water discharged to maintain water quality in the tower — represents 30–45% of total water draw and is the primary reuse opportunity.
ESG
Regulatory & Investor Pressure
SEC climate disclosure rules, CDP Water Security, and state water permits now require quantified water stewardship. On-site reuse is the fastest path to verifiable reductions.
Cooling Tower Blowdown Composition

Blowdown concentrates everything in the makeup water by the cycles of concentration (COC). At COC 4×, TDS reaches 2,000–3,000 mg/L, conductivity 1,500–3,000 µS/cm, hardness 400–800 mg/L as CaCO₃, and biocide residuals 0.5–2.0 mg/L. MBBR biological treatment targets organics and ammonia; downstream RO or IX handles TDS for return-to-tower reuse.

Regulatory Drivers (2024–2025)

California SB 332 mandates industrial water recycling reporting. Virginia DEQ requires data center water impact assessments for new permits. Arizona DWR has imposed moratoriums on new potable groundwater permits in Phoenix metro. EU Water Framework Directive requires best available techniques for industrial users >10,000 m³/day.

Why MBBR for Data Center Streams

Cooling tower blowdown has low, variable organic load — conventional activated sludge is over-engineered and unstable under flow variation. MBBR biofilm is fixed on media, highly resistant to washout, and self-regulating. No return activated sludge required. Modular — size to your actual blowdown volume, expand as campus grows.

Treatment Performance Data

Influent → Effluent: Data Center Streams

Measured performance targets for cooling tower blowdown and mixed data center process streams. Values represent design goals for a 3-stage MBBR system with lamella clarification, polishing, and optional downstream RO.

// Parameter Performance Matrix — 3-Stage MBBR + Clarifier + Polishing Reference: 380,000 GPD · Cooling Tower Blowdown Primary Stream
Parameter Typical Influent Effluent Target Min. Removal Reuse Limit (Title 22) Status Removal
BOD₅ 30–80 mg/L <10 mg/L >87% <20 mg/L MEETS 87%
TSS 50–150 mg/L <10 mg/L >93% <20 mg/L MEETS 93%
NH₃-N 5–25 mg/L <3 mg/L >88% <10 mg/L MEETS 88%
COD 80–200 mg/L <30 mg/L >85% <60 mg/L MEETS 85%
Conductivity (TDS proxy) 1,500–3,000 µS/cm 400–600 µS/cm* ~75%* Varies by use +RO REQUIRED 75%*
Legionella / Pathogens Variable · ASHRAE 188 risk Not detected >99.99% Non-detect UV + NaOCl >99.99%
Turbidity 10–40 NTU <2 NTU >95% <2 NTU (Title 22) MEETS 95%
pH 7.5–9.5 SU 6.5–8.5 SU 6.0–9.0 SU COMPLIANT Adjusted

* Conductivity/TDS reduction achieved via downstream reverse osmosis or ion exchange — not MBBR alone. MBBR targets organics, TSS, and ammonia. Full TDS reduction to <200 µS/cm for return-to-tower reuse requires RO skid integration.

Data Center Treatment Train

Optimized for Low-Strength Variable Flow

Data center blowdown is characteristically low in organic load but high in TDS, conductivity, and biocide residuals. The EnviroBox DC train is configured specifically for this profile — with pre-treatment, MBBR biological, clarification, UV disinfection, and optional RO for return-to-tower.

// Stage 01
Pre-Screen
Coarse + Fine Filtration
Screen size100 µm cartridge
Biocide neutralizationSodium thiosulfate
pH correctionCO₂ / H₂SO₄ dosing
Hardness controlAntiscalant injection
// Stage 02
EQ-101
Equalization · 76,122 gal
HRT at peak flow4–8 hours
MixerMX-101 · 5 HP
Level sensorLIT-101 ultrasonic
Flow patternBlowdown batch + continuous
// Stage 03–05
R-101→103
3-Stage MBBR · 45–70 SCFM
Media fill50% HDPE · >500 m²/m³
DO setpoint2.0–3.0 mg/L PID
Blowers3× 15 HP VFD
Biological HRT3.0 days (conservative)
// Stage 06
CL-101
Lamella Clarifier
SOR400–800 gpd/ft²
Sludge yield0.3–0.6 lb VSS/lb BOD
Sludge pumpP-201 · timed PLC
No RASPeriodic wasting only
// Stage 07
PL-101
Polishing + UV Disinfection
DisinfectionUV + NaOCl residual
ASHRAE 188Legionella control plan
Target turbidity<2 NTU
Coliform target<200 MPN/100mL
// Stage 08 (Optional)
RO Skid
Return-to-Tower TDS Reduction
TDS reduction2,000 → <200 mg/L
Recovery75–80% permeate
Conductivity out<150 µS/cm
ConcentrateTo sewer / ZLD
// Stage 09
P-301
Reuse Pump + Controls
Pump typeVFD centrifugal
DestinationsCooling tower makeup
OrLandscaping / flush
MeteringFIT-301 mag flow
// Stage 10
PLC
ControlLogix 5580 · SCADA
ControllerAB ControlLogix 5580
HMIPanelView+ 15" touch
ProtocolModbus / BACnet / TCP
DCIM integrationREST API available
Reuse Quality Standards

Where Treated Water Goes

EnviroBox DC effluent targets multiple reuse pathways simultaneously. The treatment train is designed to meet the most stringent applicable standard — cooling tower makeup — which subsumes landscaping, toilet flush, and other non-potable uses.

// Primary Reuse Path
Cooling Tower Makeup
Highest value · Direct water offset
TDS<500 mg/L (post-RO)
Conductivity<800 µS/cm
Turbidity<2 NTU
LegionellaNon-detect (ASHRAE 188)
LSI-0.5 to +0.5
Biocide compatibilityVerified pre-injection
High Volume Reuse
// California Title 22
Non-Potable Reuse
Landscaping · Toilet flush · Fire suppression
BOD₅<20 mg/L ✓
TSS<20 mg/L ✓
Turbidity<2 NTU ✓
Total coliform<2.2 MPN/100mL ✓
pH6.0–9.0 SU ✓
Cl₂ residual1 mg/L min ✓
Title 22 Compliant
// ASHRAE Standard 188
Legionella Water Management
Mandatory for cooling towers >10 tons
Legionella pneumophilaNon-detect
HPC bacteria<1,000 CFU/mL
Disinfection residualMaintained + logged
WMP documentationPLC log export
Monitoring frequencyContinuous + quarterly
Response planAutomated alarm + shutoff
ASHRAE 188 Framework
// EPA WaterSense / GreenStar
ESG Reporting Metrics
CDP · SEC Climate · LEED v4.1
Water Reuse Rate≥85% of blowdown
WUE improvement1.8 → <0.5 L/kWh
Potable offset (100 MW)~1.2M gal/day
Annual offset438M gallons/yr
Metered & auditableFIT mag flow + SCADA
LEED credit eligibleWE Credit: Water Reuse
ESG Reportable
// Industrial Process
Closed-Loop Process Water
Generator cooling · chiller makeup · concrete
TSS<10 mg/L
Iron<0.3 mg/L
Hardness<150 mg/L as CaCO₃
pH6.5–8.5 SU
Turbidity<5 NTU
Process Grade
// Discharge Compliance
NPDES Permit Compliance
Industrial stormwater · pretreatment
BOD₅<30 mg/L (secondary)
TSS<30 mg/L (secondary)
Copper (biocide)<0.3 mg/L
Zinc (CT inhibitor)<1.0 mg/L
pH6.0–9.0 SU
Discharge Compliant
Water Usage Effectiveness Calculator

Quantify Your Savings

Input your campus parameters to calculate projected WUE improvement, annual water offset, and 5-year cost savings from EnviroBox MBBR reuse system deployment.

// Campus Parameters Adjust sliders to model your facility
100 MW
4.0×
1.80
$8.00
85%
// Calculated Results LIVE
Daily water draw (current)
Blowdown volume (daily)
Treatable blowdown flow
Daily reuse volume
Annual water offset
New WUE (post-reuse)
WUE improvement
// Estimated Annual Water Cost Savings
$—
Adjust parameters above to calculate
// System Sizing Estimate
Recommended system size
MBBR modules required
Estimated CAPEX range
Simple payback period
System Specifications

Engineering Parameters

Full technical reference for the EnviroBox DC-Series MBBR treatment system. All values per 76,122 GPD module. Alpha factor 0.6–0.8 applies to SOTR in field conditions.

// Aeration — Per Module
Design flow76,122 GPD
BOD load (avg)~159 lb/day
O₂ demand (avg)~317 lb O₂/day
O₂ demand (peak 1.5×)~476 lb O₂/day
SOTR (clean water)23% at 20 ft
Alpha factor (field)0.6–0.8
Air required (avg)45–70 SCFM
Air required (peak)~83 SCFM
Diffuser typeFine-bubble membrane
Blower typeCentrifugal · VFD
Blower HP (per MBBR)15 HP
DO setpoint2.0–3.0 mg/L
DO controlPID · AIT → VFD
Energy savings (VFD)20–40% vs fixed
// Biological Process
Process typeMBBR · 3-stage
Media typeHDPE carriers
Surface area>500 m²/m³
Fill ratio50% per reactor
Specific gravity0.95–0.98
Media service life>20 years
Biological HRT3.0 days (conservative)
Total system HRT~6.0 days
SLR3–8 g BOD/m²·d
F/M ratio0.05–0.15 g/g·d
Sludge yield0.3–0.6 lb VSS/lb BOD
RAS requiredNone
Biofilm stabilityHighly washout-resistant
Temp. range10°C – 40°C
// Tank & Controls
Tank steelASTM A36 / A572
Dimensions53×8×24 ft
Volume per tank76,122 gal
Interior coatingFBE or polyurea
ScreenSS316L wedge wire 2mm
PipingSch 80 PVC / CPVC
ControllerAB ControlLogix 5580
HMIPanelView+ 15"
Analog I/O1756-IF8 / OF8
RS485 gatewayProSoft MVI56-MCM
ProtocolModbus RTU / TCP
DCIM APIREST endpoint available
EnclosureNEMA 4X SS
Surge protectionAll I/O channels
Regulatory Compliance Matrix

Standards Achieved

EnviroBox DC-Series systems are designed to meet or exceed the following standards at design conditions. Industrial or complex waste streams may require site-specific treatability studies prior to final design.

// Compliance Matrix — Data Center Water Reuse Applications
Standard / Regulation Jurisdiction Parameter Requirement EnviroBox Performance Status
California Title 22CaliforniaBOD₅ / TSS<20 / 20 mg/L<10 mg/L typicalEXCEEDS
ASHRAE Standard 188NationalLegionella controlWMP + non-detectUV + residual Cl₂COMPLIANT
NPDES SecondaryFederal EPABOD₅ / TSS≤30 / 30 mg/L<10 mg/L typicalEXCEEDS
EPA 40 CFR Part 133Federal EPARemoval %≥85% BOD & TSS>90% typicalEXCEEDS
NPDES Industrial (CT)State / EPACopper / Zinc<0.3 / 1.0 mg/LBiocide neutralization pre-treatmentADDRESSED
LEED v4.1 WE CreditUSGBCWater Reuse %Documented meteringFIT mag flow + SCADA logELIGIBLE
CDP Water SecurityInvestor / ESGWUE reportingQuantified L/kWhReal-time WUE dashboardREPORTABLE
AWWA / WEF DesignIndustryHRT / SOR / SLRPer guidanceDesigned to AWWA WEF std.COMPLIANT
Clean Water Act §402Federal EPApH6.0–9.0 SU6.5–8.5 SUCOMPLIANT
Project Delivery

From PO to Permit-Ready

EnviroBox DC-Series systems deploy in 8–16 weeks from purchase order for systems up to 1 MGD. Timeline excludes permitting — NPDES and state reuse permits typically require 6–12 months and should run concurrently with fabrication.

// Phase 01 · Weeks 1–2
Site Engineering
Geotechnical · Civil · Electrical
Geotechnical assessment and soil bearing verification
Concrete pad or compacted aggregate base design
Electrical service sizing (3-phase, per system kW draw)
Underground piping stub-outs to cooling tower basin
DCIM / BMS integration point identification
// Phase 02 · Weeks 3–5
Fabrication & QA
MTW Shop · Pressure Test · FAT
Shop fabrication at MTW facility — all tanks welded and coated
Pressure testing prior to shipment
Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) available on request
Pre-wiring and pre-plumbing of all modules
PLC program load and bench testing
// Phase 03 · Weeks 5–10
Installation
Setting · Piping · Electrical
Flatbed delivery — standard legal load, no special permits
Crane or forklift placement on prepared foundation
Interconnect piping to cooling tower and blowdown source
Field wiring: instruments, VFDs, pumps, blowers
Ethernet / BACnet connection to campus DCIM
// Phase 04 · Weeks 10–16
Commissioning
I/O · Calibration · Bio Startup · Verification
I/O loop checks and PLC ladder logic verification
Instrument calibration: DO, conductivity, flow, level
Biological seeding and inoculation (3–6 weeks to steady-state)
ASHRAE 188 Water Management Plan commissioning
Performance verification sampling and permit reporting setup